CATHOLICISM AND OPPOSITION TO GENDER EQUALITY IN WESTERN EUROPE     

Wilcox  Clyde; Felen  Ted G. 《Int. Journal of Public Opinion Research》1993,5(1):40-57

A number of scholars have argued that Catholicism is a barrierto gender equality in western Europe. The explanations for thisrelationship have usually focused on historical events and trends,which should result in a contextual effect, and on current churchdoctrine, which should affect individual level attitudes. Inthis paper, we test the importance of the individual and contextualeffects of Catholicism. We find individual Catholics are lesssupportive of gender equality than non-Catholics. Once we controlfor individual religious affiliation, however, we find thatthose in predominantly Catholic countries are more egalitarianthan those in predominantly Protestant ones. We conclude thatthis unusual result is due to the effects of minority religiousstatus—Protestants in predominantly Catholic countriesare more egalitarian than Protestants in Protestant countries,and Catholics in Protestant countries are less egalitarian thanthose in Catholic countries.  相似文献   

Effects of expected vs. unexpected proximal US preexposure on taste-aversion learning     

Michael Domjan  Gail A. Gemberling 《Learning & behavior》1980,8(2):204-210

Animals were first conditioned to expect lithium treatment following exposure to one taste solution (the CS+) and to expect no drug treatment following exposure to another flavor (the CS?). All subjects then received a saccharin taste-aversion conditioning trial. In Experiment 1, this conditioning trial was preceded 0, 1, 2, 4, or 6 h earlier by exposure to the CS+ flavor for independent groups. The CS+ exposure attenuated saccharin aversion learning if it occurred immediately before the saccharin conditioning trial but not if it occurred 1 h or more before conditioning. In Experiment 2, the saccharin conditioning trial was preceded 3 or 4.5 h earlier by a lithium injection. This proximal US preexposure injection was either unannounced (Li) or preceded by exposure to the CS+ (CS+Li) or the CS? (CS?Li) stimuli. The US preexposure attenuated saccharin aversion learning in all cases. However, the interference effect was less when the preexposure injection was expected (CS+Li) than when it was unexpected (CS?Li). This outcome could not be explained in terms of direct effects of the CS+ and CS? stimuli on the saccharin conditioning trial, and shows that the proximal US preexposure effect is a function of not only the drug dosage and preexposure interval, but also the anticipation of the drug pretreatment.  相似文献   

The Relationship Between IQ,Homework, Aspirations and Academic Achievement for Chinese,Vietnamese and Anglo-Celtic Australian School Children     

Justine Dandy  Ted Nettelbeck 《教育心理学》2002,22(3):267-275

Flynn (1991) proposed that students from Asian cultural backgrounds typically achieve at higher levels than non-Asian students with the same IQs. This study investigated relationships between IQ, study time, educational and occupational aspirations, and academic achievement among Australian school children ( n = 160) from Chinese, Vietnamese and Anglo-Celtic backgrounds. Mathematics grades for Chinese and Vietnamese Australian children were higher. They spent more time studying and were more likely to desire an occupation requiring tertiary qualifications than Anglo-Celtic Australian peers. Consistent with Flynn's hypothesis, students from Asian backgrounds obtained higher mathematics grades than their Anglo-Celtic Australian peers with the same IQ. However, study and occupational aspirations formed only part of a more complex socio-cultural package that contributed to group achievement differences. Parents' support for studying and aspirations may interact with these factors to produce high achievement.  相似文献   

Reflecting on Scientific Thinking: Children's Understanding of the Hypothesis-Evidence Relation   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Ted Ruffman  Josef Perner  David R. Olson  Martin Doherty 《Child development》1993,64(6):1617-1636

3 experiments were carried out to examine children's understanding of the role of covariation evidence in hypothesis formation. Previous research suggested that it is not until 8 to 11 years of age that children begin to understand how a given pattern of covariation supports a particular hypothesis about which factor is causally responsible for an observed effect. Experiments 1 to 3 employed a different (fake evidence) technique than previous research and showed that by 6 years of age most children understand how evidence would lead a story character to form a different hypothesis than the subject's own. Experiment 3 showed that most 6- and young 7-year-olds understand how a character's future actions (e.g., choice of an object) and predictions of future outcomes depend on the hypothesis he or she holds.  相似文献   

Electronic encyclopedias     

Michele Wolfe  Gail Stringer  Ted Hickman 《TechTrends》1991,36(5):59-61

Summary This examination of electronic encyclopedias has led to several interesting observations that may be made for each encyclopedia. TheCompton’s product is considered to be the product most accessible by lower level elementary school students. Its audio and visual features are considered most important for purchase decision-making and turn out to be the most useful features after the purchase. BothWorld Book andGrolier’s are comparable in the suggestion of a minimum grade level appropriate for use (at the fourth or fifth grade levels), suggesting that reading is not the only ability needed to operate either product to its fullest extent. For bothWorld Book andGrolier’s, the boolean searching, keyword searching, quick reference and quality of the screen display features were important purchase considerations. Hardware compatibility and price, while rated important, may prove to be the factors that determine whether an electronic encyclopedia is purchased at all (since all products evaluated were roughly the same price and all ran on IBM hardware). The majority ofWorld Book users considered only the dictionary feature to be useful after purchase.Grolier’s users considered boolean and keyword searching, menu searching, and help screens to be most useful.  相似文献   

Assessing the psychometric properties of a scenario‐based measure of achievement guilt and shame     

Ted Thompson  Jessica Sharp  James Alexander 《教育心理学》2008,28(4):373-395

In this study, the psychometric properties of the scenario‐based Achievement Guilt and Shame Scale (AGSS) were established. The AGSS and scales assessing interpersonal guilt and shame, high standards, overgeneralization, self‐criticism, self‐esteem, academic self‐concept, fear of failure, and tendency to respond in a socially desirable manner were completed by 322 undergraduate students. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a 12‐scenario model had an acceptable fit to the data, with guilt and shame items forming separate, weakly correlated subscales. Each of the guilt and shame subscales of the AGSS demonstrated good internal and test–retest reliability. Good construct validity was also evident, with each subscale uniquely correlating with constructs in ways that were consistent with predictions. Acceptable discriminant validity was also evident. These outcomes provide support for the utility of the AGSS in assessing guilt and shame reactions in achievement situations.  相似文献   

The relation between children's and mothers' mental state language and theory-of-mind understanding   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Ruffman T  Slade L  Crowe E 《Child development》2002,73(3):734-751

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Literature and poetry     

Freda Briggs  Thomas Crumpler  Ted D. Ayres 《Multicultural Perspectives》2013,15(3):35-39

African American Literature: An Anthology (2nd ed.). Demetrice A. Worley and Jesse Perry, Jr. (compilers), Lincolnwood, IL: NTS Publishing Group, 1998,495 pages plus 108 instructor's manual pages, $29.95 (softcover), ISBN 0–8442–5924–1 (student edition); $32.66 (softcover), ISBN 0–8442‐ 5926–8 (instructor's edition).

Hispanic American Literature: An Anthology. Rudolfo Cortina (compiler), Lincolnwood, IL: NTC Publishing Group, 1998, 414 pages plus 59 instructor's manual pages, $29.95 (softcover), ISBN 0–8442–5730–3 (student edition); $32.66 (sofcover), ISBN 0–8442‐ 5731–1 (instructor's edition).

Keepers. Jeri Hanel Watts and Felicia Marshall, New York: Lee & Low, 1997, 29 pages, $15.95 (hardcover). ISBN 1–8800–0058‐X.

From Direct Action to Affirmative Action. Paul D. Moreno, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997, 311 pages, $35.00 (hardcover). ISBN 0–8071–2138‐X.  相似文献   

Estimating Reliability When all Test Trials are Administered on the Same Day     

Dr. Ted A. Baumgartner 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):222-225

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Book Reviews     

Lynn Davies  Ted Goodhew  Mel Lloyd-Smith  Chris Rendell 《Pastoral Care in Education》2013,31(1):60-67

Steve Adams, Derbyshire LEA/University of Nottingham, Perspectives on Pastoral Care, Woocester, A. and Hall, E. 1986, University of Nottingham School of Education, (No. 5 in Human Relations in Education Series)

Eileen Callely, University of Cardiff, Educational Systems for Disruptive Adolescents, Topping, Keith 1983, Croom Helm Ltd., Beckenham, Kent, U.K. (also St. Martin's Press Inc, New York) £7.95

Susan Heyes, Essex Institute of Higher Education, All in a day's work, Walker, D. 1985, Edward Arnold; Them and Us, Parkes, R. 1985, Edward Arnold

Peter Ribbins, University of Birmingham, GO 87: Graduate Opportunities, Pierce, Liz, (Ed), 1986, Newpoint Publishing, £15.00 pp. 920

Barbara Sharples, Worden High School, Lanes, Child Psychology in Action , John Harris, 1986, Croom Helm

Colin J. Smith, University of Birmingham, Special Need in Ordinary Classrooms, G. Hanko, Publisher: Basil Blackwell  相似文献